What can I do to help? The text refers to women, but violence affects all genders and ages.

Create a safe space. Make sure you talk in private.

Make it clear that you will not judge. Only in this way can one feel secure enough to open up.

Say you're worried. Try, "You don't seem yourself lately. Is there something you want to talk about? Is everything okay at home?"

Take her words seriously. Listen to her. Believe her. Women are often rejected. They are told he seems like a nice guy or a great father. Trust what she says.

Tell her it's not her fault. She can blame herself. Only the abuser is responsible.

Don't judge her life. Don't ask her why she didn't leave. Instead, build her confidence and focus on her strengths.

Tell her she is not alone. She most likely has been deliberately isolated. Tell her that you are there for her, that there are solutions and that support is available.

Encourage her to contact the domestic abuse Hotline 0800 1 8676. Reassure her that she can find help there 24 hours a day. Help her learn about her rights and options.

Give her time. It may be a long time before she trusts you. Be patient. Acknowledging the problem is the first step.